How to choose the correct cleaning agents for the construction industry

Whether you’re a professional in the construction industry or a dedicated at home DIY enthusiast, effective cleaning is key. From preparing surfaces for painting and sealing to maintaining tools and ensuring a safe working environment, the right cleaning agent can make all the difference. 

However, with a vast array of products on the market, how do you choose the correct one for the job? This guide will walk you through the various types of cleaning agents, their uses, safety precautions, and the key factors to consider so that you achieve the best results safely and efficiently.

What are cleaning agents?

Essentially, cleaning agents are substances designed to remove unwanted materials from surfaces. These materials can range from everyday grime, dust, and grease found in homes to more stubborn contaminants, such as paint residue, adhesives, and concrete spills that you might come across on construction sites.

Cleaning agents tend to dissolve, emulsify, suspend, or react with the residue or material that you’re trying to remove to lift and remove it from the surface. Understanding the fundamental action of a cleaning agent is the first step in selecting the appropriate product for your specific needs.

What are the different types of cleaning agents?

Cleaning agents come in many different formulations, each designed to specifically tackle types of substances. So let’s explore each of them and how they work.

Water-based cleaners

These are one of the most common types of cleaners, relying on water as the primary solvent. They are often used for general cleaning tasks and can be formulated with various surfactants (surface-active agents) to help lift and suspend dirt and grease. 

Examples: 

• A general-purpose cleaner used to wash down walls and floors to remove dust and light debris before painting or finishing in a home renovation.
• A specialised construction surface preparation wash designed to remove loose particles and minor contaminants from concrete or masonry before applying coatings or sealants.
• Water mixed with a mild detergent used to clean hand tools and equipment on a construction site.

Solvent-based cleaners

These cleaners use organic solvents to dissolve substances that water-based cleaners can’t, such as oils, greases, adhesives, and some paints. They can be powerful but often require careful handling due to their potential flammability and toxicity.

Examples:

• A strong solvent used to remove adhesive residue from flooring or tiles during a remodelling project.
• A degreasing solvent for cleaning construction equipment and machinery heavily soiled with oil and grease.
• A paint thinner or stripper used to remove old paint layers from walls or surfaces before repainting a house.

Acidic cleaners

These cleaners contain acids that react with alkaline deposits like limescale, rust, and mineral stains. They require careful use and dilution due to the substance being corrosive.

Examples:

• A diluted muriatic acid solution used to clean mortar stains from brick or concrete surfaces after construction.
• A specialised cleaner for removing rust stains from steel beams or other metal structures.
• A cleaner designed to remove mineral deposits and hard water stains from newly installed plumbing fixtures in a home.

Alkaline cleaners (Degreasers)

Also known as caustic cleaners, these have a high pH and are usually used for heavy-duty industrial cleaning. Just like acidic cleaners, they can be corrosive and require proper handling.

Examples:

• A powerful alkaline degreaser used to clean heavy machinery and equipment on a construction site.
• A concrete cleaner designed to remove oil and grease spills from concrete slabs.
• A caustic solution used to strip old wax or sealant from concrete or industrial flooring in a commercial building project.

Abrasive cleaners

These cleaners contain small, solid particles that physically scrub away dirt and stains. They come in various forms, from powders to creams, and are helpful for stubborn deposits. It’s essential to use these with care, as they could potentially scratch delicate surfaces if not used correctly.

Examples:

• A powdered abrasive cleaner used to remove dried paint splatters or plaster residue from tiles or concrete.
• A heavy-duty scrubbing compound for removing stubborn stains or light corrosion from metal surfaces.
• A specialised abrasive pad used to smooth out rough patches on drywall or plaster before painting.

How are cleaning agents used?

The application of cleaning agents varies depending on the product and the task at hand. It's crucial to always follow the manufacturer's instructions provided on the product label. General methods include:

• Direct application: Some cleaners are applied directly to the surface or the stain.
• Dilution: Many concentrated cleaning agents need to be diluted with water before use. The correct dilution ratio is essential for effectiveness and safety.
• Spraying: Spray bottles are often used to apply liquid cleaners over larger areas.
• Soaking: Immersing items in a cleaning solution can be effective for removing stubborn substances.
• Wiping and scrubbing: Manual agitation with cloths, sponges, or brushes is often necessary to loosen and remove dirt.
• Pressure washing: For large outdoor areas and tough substances, pressure washers may be used in conjunction with specific cleaning solutions.

Is it important to follow manufacturer's instructions when using chemical cleaning agents? Well, it’s for safe and effective use. They provide the correct dilution measurements, application methods, and contact times for the best cleaning that doesn’t damage. Ignoring them could lead to poor results, wasted product, surface damage, and even increased safety risks.

Safety measures when using cleaning agents

When working with cleaning agents, it is vital to follow safety precautions. Here are some things to always remember:

• Read the label: Understand the product's hazards, instructions for use, and first aid measures. 
• Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE): This may include gloves, eye protection (goggles or safety glasses), and respiratory protection (mask or respirator), depending on the product and the environment.
• Ensure sufficient ventilation: Many cleaning agents release fumes that can be harmful if inhaled. Work in well-ventilated areas or use respiratory protection.
• Never mix cleaning agents: Combining different chemicals can create dangerous reactions, producing toxic gases or even explosions.
• Store cleaning agents safely: Keep them out of reach of children and pets, and store them in their original containers in a cool, dry place away from other substances.
• Dispose of cleaning agents properly: Follow local regulations for the disposal of chemical waste. Do not pour them down drains unless specifically instructed to do so.
• Be aware of potential flammability: Solvent-based cleaners can be flammable. Keep them away from open flames and sources of ignition.
• Understand the potential for skin and eye irritation: Some cleaning agents can cause irritation or burns upon contact. Avoid direct contact and wash thoroughly after use.

Factors to consider when choosing cleaning agents

Selecting the right cleaning agent for your project involves considering several key factors to make sure that it’s effective, you’re staying safe, and it’s compatible with the surface that you’re cleaning.

The type of soiling

First, you need to know the type of contaminant you want to remove. Different types of soiling respond best to different chemical compositions and cleaning actions, so for the best results, it’s important that you know this. 

For instance, greasy residues will require a degreasing alkaline cleaner, while rust stains might need an acidic solution. Understanding whether you're dealing with organic matter, mineral deposits, paint splatters, or adhesive residue will guide you towards the cleaning agent needed.

The surface material

The material composition of the surface you want to clean is another important consideration. Why? Because certain cleaning agents can have adverse effects on different materials, for example, acidic cleaners could damage stone like marble or limestone, while strong solvents can dissolve or distort plastics and some painted surfaces. 

Always take the time to identify the material you are working with – be it wood, metal, glass, ceramic, fabric, or a specific type of construction material – and then check the cleaning product's label for compatibility.

The required level of cleanliness

The degree to which a surface needs to be cleaned will significantly influence your choice of cleaning agent. A light dusting or wiping might only require a mild, general-purpose cleaner. However, removing stubborn, ingrained dirt, heavy grease buildup, or construction debris will most likely require a more powerful or specialised cleaning solution. 

Safety requirements

Your safety and that of others should always be a top priority when handling cleaning agents. Different products pose varying levels of hazards. Strong acids, alkalis, and solvents can be corrosive or toxic and require you to follow safety protocols, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, eye protection, and respiratory masks.

It’s important to remember that construction businesses must comply with stringent health and safety regulations, such as COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002) in the UK, which dictate how hazardous substances are handled, stored, and used. It’s advised that you always read and understand the safety instructions and warnings on the product label before use.

Manufacturer recommendations

For specific materials, coatings, or products you are trying to clean or prepare, it's always best practice to consult the manufacturer's guidelines. They often provide recommendations for suitable cleaning agents and procedures that will ensure compatibility and prevent damage. 

For example, if you are cleaning a surface that has been treated with a specific type of paint or sealant, the manufacturer might recommend particular cleaners that won't degrade the finish or interfere with its performance.

Examples of cleaning agents

There are tonnes of cleaning agents on the market, and as we mentioned, they’re all designed to specifically clean certain substances. Let’s take a look at some individual products and see what they were designed to help clean.

Fosroc Galvafroid Thinner / Cleaner

This is a solvent-based cleaner specifically designed for thinning and cleaning application equipment used with Fosroc Galvafroid, a cold galvanising compound. It effectively removes residues of this specialised coating, ensuring equipment remains in good working order. 

For construction professionals using galvanising compounds, a dedicated thinner/cleaner like this is essential for maintaining their tools and achieving optimal application.

Flexcrete Biodex Wash

This is a water-based, biodegradable cleaner designed for removing surface contaminants such as algae, moss, and lichen from various substrates commonly found in construction, including concrete, brick, and paving. Its environmentally friendly formulation makes it a good choice for projects where minimising environmental impact is important. 

Fosroc Solvent 102

This is a general-purpose solvent cleaner used in the construction industry for degreasing and removing oil, grease, and other contaminants from concrete and metal surfaces before the application of coatings, sealants, or repair materials. Its strong solvent action ensures a clean substrate for great adhesion and performance of further treatments.

Fosroc Solvent 105

Similar to Solvent 102, Fosroc Solvent 105 is another solvent-based cleaner used in construction. It is often specified for cleaning tools and equipment used with certain Fosroc products, ensuring compatibility and effective removal of residues. The specific formulation may offer advantages for certain types of contaminants or application equipment.

Bond It Glass Cleaner

This is a readily available, water-based cleaner specifically formulated for glass surfaces. It typically contains surfactants and solvents that effectively remove fingerprints, dust, and other marks without leaving streaks. This is a common product for both home DIYers maintaining windows and mirrors, as well as for cleaning glass elements on construction sites.

Arbo Cleaner 17

Arbo Cleaner 17 is a solvent-based cleaner designed for removing sealant and adhesive residues. This is particularly useful in both DIY and construction settings where old sealants need to be removed before applying new ones, ensuring a clean and sound surface for proper adhesion.

Adomast Resoklens Tool Cleaner

This is a specialised solvent-based cleaner formulated for removing residues of polyurethane and epoxy resins from tools and equipment. These types of resins are commonly used in construction for sealing, bonding, and coating, and a dedicated cleaner like Resoklens is essential for maintaining the lifespan and performance of application tools.

Soudal Gun & Foam Cleaner

This is a solvent-based aerosol cleaner specifically designed for cleaning polyurethane foam application guns and removing wet polyurethane foam spills. This is invaluable for both DIYers using expanding foam for insulation or sealing and construction professionals who rely heavily on these products. Prompt cleaning prevents blockages and extends the life of the application gun.

Find cleaning agents for your project

At Complete Construction Products, we stock a range of industrial cleaning products in our Ancillaries collection, such as Fosroc Solvent 102, and Fosroc Galvafroid Thinner. Need support with your project, or want to find out more information on our products? Contact us today.